Can't look for resources in the classpath on Windows for the second (last chance).
It looks like the code should be replaced:
https://github.com/Talend/component-runtime/blob/5ee488c23509b00c9a633325a1a63bb7b9ed24eb/container/container-core/src/main/java/org/talend/sdk/component/classloader/ConfigurableClassLoader.java#L835-L850
From:

Arrays
                .stream(System.getProperty("java.class.path", "").split(":"))

To:

Arrays
                .stream(System.getProperty("java.class.path", "").split(File.pathSeparator))

PS.
Also, I'm not sure that the whole method won't break the class encapsulation for each component...
I think the resources should be found in the concrete classloader (for the component) and the classloader gets it from the TALEND-INF/dependencies.txt file...